Writing and Reading Skill and Grammar
I am starting to be valunteer in Oxfam. In there, I can practice speak English with other staffs who came from different countries. When I came home, I read about how to write argumentative essay. I am going to explain organisation of argument essay.
In this kind of essay, we not only give information but also present an argument with the PROS (supporting ideas) and CONS (opposing ideas) of an argumentative issue. We should clearly take our stand and write as if we are trying to persuade an opposing audience to adopt new beliefs or behavior. The primary objective is to persuade people to change beliefs that many of them do not want to change. There are three models.
Pattern 1:
Thesis statement:
PRO idea 1
PRO idea 2
CON(s) + Refutation(s)
Conclusion
Pattern 2:
Thesis statement:
CON(s) + Refutation(s)
PRO idea 1
PRO idea 2
Conclusion
Pattern 3:
Thesis statement:
CON idea 1 -----> Refutation
CON idea 2 -----> Refutation
CON idea 3 -----> Refutation
Conclusion
And after that, I read the relative clauses of a grammar book. I am going to outline about relative pronouns
First of all, I will explain about meaning of relative clauses.
who
subject or object pronoun for people
Example I told you about the woman who lives next door.
which
subject or object pronoun for animals and things
Example Do you see the cat which is lying on the roof?
which
referring to a whole sentence
Example He couldn’t read which surprised me.
whose
possession for people animals and things
Example Do you know the boy whose mother is a nurse?
whom
object pronoun for people, especially in non-defining relative clauses (in defining relative clauses we colloquially prefer who)
Example I was invited by the professor whom I met at the conference.
that
subject or object pronoun for people, animals and things in defining relative clauses (who or which are also possible)
Example I don’t like the table that stands in the kitchen.
On Tuesday 17 / 02/09
Writing and Reading Skill
In this day, I praticed my reading skill. I read guardian newspaper and I found that there were some interesting news . The topic that I am going to summarise is Even 'fake' acupuncture reduces the severity of headaches and migraines.
The original article
Even 'fake' acupuncture reduces the severity of headaches and migraines.
In traditional Chinese acupuncture, needles are pushed into the skin at specific points. Photograph: AP Acupuncture can help people who suffer from headaches and migraines, even when the needles are put in the "wrong" place, according to a major review of medical studies.
Volunteers who were treated with the traditional Chinese technique, in which thin needles are pushed into the skin at specific points, had fewer headaches and migraines, and experienced less pain if a headache came on, researchers found. Scientists working for the Cochrane Collaboration, which publishes gold standard reviews on the effectiveness of medical treatments, confirmed the beneficial effect of acupuncture after analysing 33 separate studies involving nearly 7,000 patients in total. Researchers led by at the centre for complementary medicine research at the Technical University of Munich, Germany, reviewed published evidence for acupuncture as a treatment for tension headaches, which usually affect both sides of the head, and migraines, which tend to affect only one side. Eleven trials involving 2,317 patients found many experienced fewer headaches after having acupuncture, though a similar improvement was seen in those who had "fake" acupuncture, where the needles were either inserted at incorrect points or did not puncture the skin. A further 22 trials involving 4,419 patients who suffered migraines were assessed. Again, those who had acupuncture, even when it was faked by placing the needles incorrectly, reported having fewer migraines afterwards.
"The studies suggest that migraine patients benefit from acupuncture, although the correct placement of needles seems to be less relevant than is usually thought by acupuncturists," the researchers report. "Much of the clinical benefit of acupuncture might be due to non-specific needling effects and powerful placebo effects, meaning selection of specific needle points may be less important than many practitioners have traditionally argued," said Linde.
Overall, after an eight-week course of treatment, patients who had acupuncture and no painkillers suffered fewer headaches compared with those who were given only painkillers.
Linde said the results suggest acupuncture could be given to patients who do not wish to take drugs, but he added that more research was needed. "Doctors need to know how long improvements associated with acupuncture will last and whether better trained acupuncturists really achieve better results than those with basic training only," he said.
Summarization
This newspaper article about the fake acupuncture help people recover from migrains and headaches
In recently, Many researches have claimed that the acupuncture help people who have suffer from migrains and headaches. However, Linde found some interesting informations.The experiment explained that many pateints can recover from migrains and headaches by fake acupuncture.They did not treated by pushing needle on the right face area. this research found that the pateints can take acupuncture if they do not to take medicines. It maybe mean the
specialists in acupuncture are reduced important in treatment.But the most important is the doctor should know how long for training practices to be acupuncturists.
On Wednesday 18/02/09
Grammar and Reading Skill
I read a chapter from English Grammar for in Use.This chapter explain how to use "must" and "have to"
Must - comes from the personspeaking
Have to - comes from outside (rule or a law)
Example : I must go to the toilet
Structure
Have to
subject + auxiliary verb + have + infinitive (with to)
more example
In France, you have to drive on the right.
In England, most schoolchildren have to wear a uniform.
John has to wear a tie at work.
Must
subject + must + main verb
more example
I must stop smoking.
You must visit us soon.
He must work harder.
After that I practice grammar in Structure of sentence from this webside
http://a4esl.org/q/h/grammar.html
On Thursday 19/02/09
Writing Skill (Comparative Essay)
I learnt about how to write comparative essay from Internet. I am going to outline the pattern of essay and some examples.
There are two pattern of comparative essays. The first pattern is blog format
pattern of Blog Format
1. introduction - start with the interesting sentence (situation or opinion of many people)and show about 2 subjects are important difference or extremely similarity or they are important difference and similarities
2. paragraph 2 describe the first subject include some example to prove the similarity or difference
3. Paragraph 3 show differences or similarities comparing in the second subject
4. Conclusion give a brief rethesis show your opinion and what will be happend in future if this event happened
The second pattern is point by point
1. introduction -start with the interesting sentence (situation or opinion of many people)and show about 2 subjects are important difference or extremely similarity or they are important difference and similarities
2. paragrph 2 Transitions beginning each paragraph are made by repeating ideas, phrases or words. Without transitions, the essay will sound choppy and disjointed.
Discuss how both subjects compare on feature one.For each comparison, use compare/contrast cue words such as like, similar to, also, unlike, on the other hand.
Be sure to include examples proving the similarities and/or differences exist.
3.Paragraphs Transitions beginning each paragraph are made by repeating ideas, phrases or words. Without transitions, the essay will sound choppy and disjointed.Continue the pattern set in paragraph 2 discussing a new feature in each new paragraph.For each comparison, use compare/contrast cue words such as like, similar to, also, unlike, on the other hand.Be sure to include examples proving the similarities and/or differences exist.
4. Conclusion In this paragraph, give a brief, general summary of the most important similarities and differences.End with a personal statement, a prediction or another snappy clincher.
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