Reading and Summarization 3

Children under 15 should not drink any alcohol, says chief medical officer
Sir Liam Donaldson says new advice is based on research showing serious damage drink can do to children's health
Children under 15 should not drink any alcohol, the government's chief medical officer, Sir Liam Donaldson, said today.
He said the new advice was based on research which showed the serious damage drink could do to children's health.
Donaldson's advice appeared to contradict the government's current policy on alcohol and children. The DirectGov website says there "is no right age" at which teenagers can be allowed to drink.
Donaldson said the new advice was aimed at clearing up confusion among parents over the issue.
"We have a third of a million 11 to 15 years old on a typical weekend drinking alcohol. That's a massive number and we've got to do something about it," he told GMTV.
"The information we got from surveying parents was that actually they are quite confused about the medical and health implications of children drinking alcohol."
He said research said drink could seriously affect brain development in the young.
"We're trying to get the message across that children aged under 15 are still developing, their brains are developing, and drinking alcohol can do some quite serious damage.
"The government guidelines also advise that children aged 15 to 17 should not drink without the supervision of a parent or carer."
The DirectGov website says that alcohol can cause as many problems as drugs among young people but acknowledges that "it is difficult to know when to let teenagers drink".
"There is no 'right' age, but be there when they do. Once your child has started drinking, help them learn to do it safely."
It advises parents to encourage children to stick to low-strength brands and not to drink too quickly. It cautions against over-reacting if children drink against parents' wishes and suggests providing starchy food "so they won't be drinking on an empty stomach".
Donaldson said research had shown the importance of the family in fostering healthy attitudes to alcohol in children.
"Families which draw clear boundaries, which establish values, which don't bring children into drink-fuelled environments, are families where children are more likely to grow up not drinking at all, or drinking responsibly," he said.
The government said the guidance, which was open to consultation and could be changed, was not about making Britain a nanny state.
It said it wanted to "empower" parents by giving them information to make good decisions concerning their children.
The guidelines will be launched by the children's secretary, Ed Balls, and the health secretary, Alan Johnson, later today.
Norman Lamb, the Liberal Democrat health spokesman, said he shared the government's concerns about the number of children who drank alcohol.
"I actually feel very strongly about the scale of the problem we've got. The binge-drinking culture, where children go out and get smashed, is very worrying and I think sometimes they get mixed messages from their parents, which is very difficult," he said.
An estimated 630,000 children aged 11 to 17 in the UK drink more than once a week, and around one in five 15-year-olds say they first got drunk when they were 13 or younger, according to government figures.
By the age of 13, just over 20% say they have been drunk at least twice, increasing to almost half of all 15-year-olds.
Figures also show that the amount children drink has risen since 1990. Eleven per cent of boys and 12% of girls aged 15 to 16 have been drunk at least six times in the last month.

Summarization
This is newspaper article about drink alcohol has affect to young children. It was on guardian newspaper.
Nowadays, young people who drinking alcohol are increasing. They started drinking earlier than in the past.Recently, The research have been showed about alcohol has effect to children ,especially who are under 15 years old. Drinking has seriously affect to develop their brian. Some expert adviced that their parent should encourage them to avoid drinking. However, it is difficult to do so their should give them eat rice or breads before they drink. Many reseachers said the important things is parent should take them far away from drink environment. Moreover, their parent should be the good behavier model to them. Do not drink face of your children.

My diary on secondly week

Monday 19/01/09

After English Course, I came to my flat and then I watched movies on television. I was exited. This movy is CSI in New York. It was detective movy which was about the woman was killed in 20 years ago. Her name is Jane.It was difficult for polices and detecters to find killer. As far as, Sanny, who is her a dear friend, confess that she went to party before she died. During this time, she had debate with Sanny's boyfriend (Tom)about the gamble kiss game.Detectors was beginning in investigate everyone who was in the party. They found somethings wrong with Tom and his youger brother. The detectors force Sanny because she is clue. She have to escape from Tom. Finally, Tom confess that he is a killer. He did it because she refuse to kiss him when she lost score. Afther this game finished he saw she kiss his youger brother. He had resentment against that she did.

Wenesday 21/01/09

I watched Obrama's inauguration. It was fascinating.I found that there were millions people came to there for celebrating. They appreciated with Obrama. They believe that he could solve economic problem and bring the to success. He promise, he will encourage people to harmonise in the USA , and he will make the state of economic to stronger and more fluency than in the past.Moreover, he will relise in safety and completeness. By the way, I could not listen in all speech.I am thiking about how I can develop in my listening skill.

Thursday 22/01/09

I started revising in grammar especially many tences,and tried to read participle verb. I found interesting website that I read in some parts for revising. This is http://www2.gsu.edu/~wwwesl/egw/verbs.htm .

Saturday 24/01/09

I watched a horror story which is " Ghost Whisperer ". It was about woman who have interesting talent. She is Milinda Gondon. She can communicate with ghosts. So, only she can encourage them to peaceful place. One day, she hear noise then she found the soldier ghost. He can not relise where he is. He want to get helping. She try to find his family. After that, she find that his wife died and his son is 30 years old . His son is going to get a baby. Moreover, Milinda find his son have wrong understand in his father. He thinks his father left and ignore him and his mother. She try to explain the true but it is hard to believe. She decided to give the watch which has arrow. This is signal that his mother told him when he was child. He relises and understand that. His father died in the war.He have never forgot his family. The soldier ghost cry and happy. After that, he saw his wife in peaceful place and they go to there together.

Completed Article 2

We are losing

Do you think you can catch good job easier? It may be true that it is easy in the past ,but now it is changing. Yesterday,I found interesting information that it is usefull for everyone.Please, open your eyes!
In the recent ,there are many researchers said the young people who graduated are facing unemployment. The trend of people can get career decreased .This is the result from many reasons , forexample, some occupation suite for higher expert so bachelor is not enough to get good jobs such pharmarceutical sciences .Moreover,the company have not enogh money to support new workers.It is effect from economic globalization.Although, government have plan to help young people get jobs. It is take young people in internship,for example,it help they get better qualities for find jobs. However,some experts said young people should look for lower job.It can help them to get other chanels to get money and better qualities from lower jobs .

My diary

Saturday 10/01/09
Today I wanted to survey around my flat because I was new in there. While I walking on Oxford street, I saw the nut shop. It was interesting. There was many varies nuts and overcrowded. I bought some Brazil nuts. It is the most famous nut that the shopkeeper told me. It was delicious. After that, when I walked to Bond Street. I found that I was losing. I met the couple that it was fortunate .They were kind and took me back to my flat. Moreover, they adviced me that I should speak louder because when I talked sound like I shy.


Monday 12/01/09
Today I learnt about object question and subject question. It made me confused and I heard some interesting grammar that I should know. Therefore, In the evening, I went to library after I read I though I cleared what were object question and subject question and how to use them. Moreover, I found the book which explained what is conditional grammar. For example, we use it when we image something this ,we use if + past : If there was an election tomorrow, would you vote for ? . Another one is usually we do not use would in the if – past sentence. It was fascinating.

Tuesday 13/01/09
I leant about communicate on television. In my class I got interest information in our conference. There are many countries which have television programme and policy of government closely. For instance, There are timetable for show something(alcohol advertising) which unsuitable for children in Korea and Thailand. Moreover, most people in the both favorite drama and love stories. However, some countries are difference. China, for example, they do not have censorship for sexual, smoking and alcohol advertising. But their government concentrate on political and image of them.

Newspaper for Reading and writing skill

At the beginning of this course, I learnt about medias.The newspapers was the first media that I tried to study. In the Self Study , I would like to present my summarizing two interesting news that I found in www.guardian.co.uk. The first new that is involve with my course that I am planig to learn. Another news is important to students who is graduating in recently.
Article 1
She may never get breast cancer - but girl's birth raises new doubts over designer babies
• Embryo screened because of family history
• Mother and daughter doing well in hospital

The birth of the first British baby genetically screened before conception to be free of a breast cancer gene was hailed yesterday as a breakthrough by doctors but raised fresh questions about the ethics of creating so-called designer babies.The baby girl grew from an embryo screened to ensure that it did not contain the faulty BRCA1 gene, which would have meant she had a 50%-85% of developing breast cancer.While mother and daughter were said by a spokesman at University College hospital, London, to be doing "very well" following the birth at this week, medical experts and those involved in cancer research were considering the implications.Paul Serhal, medical director of the assisted conception unit at the hospital, said: "This little girl will not face the spectre of developing this genetic form of breast cancer or ovarian cancer in her adult life. "The parents will have been spared the risk of inflicting this disease on their daughter. The lasting legacy is the eradication of the transmission of this form of cancer that has blighted these families for generations."In June the mother, then 27, told how she decided to undergo the screening process after seeing all her husband's female relatives suffer the disease. The woman, who wanted to remain anonymous, said at the time: "We felt that, if there was a possibility of eliminating this for our children, then that was a route we had to go down."The technique, pre-implantation genetic diagnosis (PGD), has already been used in the UK to free babies of inherited disorders such as cystic fibrosis and Huntington's disease. But breast cancer is different because it does not inevitably affect a child from birth and may or may not develop later in life. There is also a chance it can be cured, if caught early enough.Permission to carry out PGD for breast cancer had to be obtained from the Human Fertilisation and Embryology Authority by the London clinic which performed the procedure.Dr Sarah Cant, policy manager at Breakthrough Breast Cancer, said the decision to screen embryos to see whether they have a faulty breast cancer gene was a complex and very personal issue. "Women with a family history of breast cancer tell us that what might be right for one person may not be right for another. It's important for anyone affected to have appropriate information and support so they can make the right choice for them."Kath McLachlan, a clinical nurse specialist at the charity Breast Cancer Care, said it would give those carrying the faulty BRCA1 gene "another option" to consider when starting a family.She said: "However, there are many complex issues to take into account and the decision will finally come down to an individual's personal ethics. While the selection of an embryo through PGD can reduce a person's risk of developing breast cancer, the procedure cannot prevent a non-genetic form of the disease in later life. It is essential that anyone considering using the technique is offered comprehensive information, high-quality support and advice." Doctors at the private clinic at University College hospital conducted tests on 11 embryos by removing just one cell from each when they were three days old. Six embryos were found to carry the defective BRCA1 gene. Two embryos which were free of the gene were implanted, resulting in a single pregnancy.Faulty genes are responsible for between 5% and 10% of the 44,000 cases of breast cancer that occur in the UK each year. BRCA1 and its sister gene BRCA2 are the two most commonly involved. Women with a defective BRCA1 or BRCA2 gene are up to seven times more likely to develop breast cancer than those without the mutations. As the debate about the ethics involved in the procedure was renewed, the main objection from critics remains the charge that it opens the door to the creation of babies for parents who may want their off spring to be top of the class, excel in sport, and have hair, eyes and other physical characteristics that into a particular family's wish list.Alternatively, deaf or blind couples might want their disabilities passed on to their child. Some members of the deaf community who claim they belong to a "linguistic minority" are campaigning for the right to have hearing-impaired children.

Vocabulary

Hail ( verb)
To salute or greet
To accliam

Breakthrough(noun)
An act or the place of breaking through an obstacle or restriction

Implicate (verb)
To involve,especially incriminatingly
To imply
Spectre
A ghost,phantom

Spared
To treat mercifully; deal with leniently

Inflict
To cause or carry out by aggressive action

Legacy
Money or property bequeathed to someone by will
Something handed on from those who have come before.

Eradicate
To remove comletely; uproot

Transmission
The act or process of transmitting

Blight
To cause or suffer decay; ruin

Anonymous
Having an unknown or withheld name, authorship,agency

Inherit
To come into possession of ,especially by legal succession or will.
To receive by genetic transmission from ancestor

Cystic fibrosis
A congenital disease of mucous glands of bod, causing pancreatic insufficiency and pulmonary disorders

Inevitable
Incapable of being avoided or prevented.

Permission
Consent, especially formal consent

Carry out
Take out

Comprehensive
Including or comprehending much; large in scope or content

Summarization
The pregnancy decided to help her girl baby from breast cancer by pre-implantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) technique follow by some experts’ advise .They said it can treat her baby and stop inherited disorder to next generation.However, some physicians said that this way may not take the girl cure from breast cancer.Since, they have some evidence and experiment that support their argument. Moreover, the important thing, doctors should take all information to parents ,they have rights to decide that they could do or not.

Article 2

Generation crunch: young face crisis in hunt for work
• Graduates face crisis in jobs hunt
• Top companies sign up to rescue plan to provide internships

This year's graduates face the toughest battle in a generation for jobs, with tens of thousands facing unemployment, according to evidence documenting the impact of the economic downturn.Ministers are so concerned that they are drawing up a rescue package to help the class of 2009 find a job or get new skills when they graduate this summer. The proposals, from the universities secretary John Denham's office, will target the 18-24 age group amid fears that a generation of young people will be scarred by recession. They include an internship scheme where students would work at a reduced wage to gain experience. Four firms - including Barclays and Microsoft - have agreed to take part in the scheme, which is being called the National Internship Scheme.Denham told the Guardian: "This year there will be a large number of graduates - the children of the babyboomers - and we are keen to make sure that they get as good a chance as we can give them to get jobs and build good careers. We will not leave them to fend for themselves."The internship scheme will give them an opportunity to gain real experience of using their skills at work, and give them the best chance of showing employers what they can do."David Blanchflower, the influential economist and member of the Bank of England's monetary policy committee who predicted the recession, today warns in the Guardian of its impact on young people, describing the latest employment figures, which show 18-24-year-olds bearing the brunt of redundancies, as "scary".He says: "We don't want these spells of unemployment to get long. A spell of unemployment is bad when young, and the longer it is, the worse it is. We want to do everything to prevent it becoming long-term unemployment."
Evidence of the extent of the downturn in graduate recruitment uncovered by the Guardian includes:
• Major companies have narrowed their search for graduates to five elite universities as they cut recruitment numbers.
• The organisers of the annual graduate recruitment "milk round" say jobs in finance and retail are drying up. Even where companies are recruiting, vacancies will not necessarily last until summer as the economic slump worsens.
• The management consultancy KPMG, seen as a recruitment barometer, says its 600 graduate entry jobs are nearly all taken months ahead of schedule as students scramble for the top jobs.
• Manchester University careers service, the largest outside London, has seen the number of recruitment adverts taken out with its careers service tail off drastically.
• Careers service managers have been inundated with desperate students who don't know what to do when they graduate because their plans are in tatters.
• The slump in graduate jobs threatens unemployment for people with lower or no qualifications as graduates turn their sights on non-graduate vacancies.
The most recent labour market survey shows unemployment growing fastest among 18-24-year-olds. Unemployment for young adults was 597,000 in the three months to October 2008, up 55,000 from the three months to July 2008. Three million people of all ages are predicted to be out of work by the end of the year; at least 40% (1.25 million) will be under 25.
Denham's plans for internships would see students gain experience with major employers - from the public sector and charities as well as business. Graduates would receive pay deals slightly above the current student grant of £2,835 to ensure they don't suffer a cut in income. The government is considering subsidising the placements to encourage employers to take part.
Carl Gilleard, chief executive of the Association of Graduate Recruiters, said: "For the class of 2009 it's going to be more difficult than they ever banked on." He urged graduates to consider taking lower-status, lower-paid jobs - including bar work or stacking shelves - rather than abandoning the search.Malcolm Grant, provost of University College London and current chair of the Russell Group of 20 leading universities, said: "Firms are already narrowing their search to a small number of universities: Oxford, Cambridge, the LSE, UCL and Imperial, and I think that's a shame."In employment terms it's rational: it's an easier recruitment process if you have fewer jobs to fill. But it's an arbitrary decision and ... it will be overlooking a rich source of talent at other universities."At Leeds University, careers advisers are warning students to apply now as vacancies are drying up. "Graduate positions are almost full now when normally they would still have vacancies to fill right through to the summer," said Bob Gilworth, head of the university's careers service. Other careers services said they were operating at full stretch. Elspeth Farrar, head of careers at Imperial College London, said they had been inundated with inquiries from worried students who had expected to go into banking or management consultancy but now felt that wasn't an option.A poll from the Higher Education Careers Service Unit found 62% of this year's graduates were not confident that their degree would help them get a job.Gordon Brown will host a jobs summit on Monday to look at the impact of the recession on jobs. The Conservatives yesterday announced proposals to help young people ride out the recession, including a database of alternative apprenticeships for apprentices who lose their jobs.

Vocabulary

Crunch
To chew with a noisy, grinding sound.
Rescue
To save, as from danger.
Internships
Duration practicing
Bear
To carry; support.
To carry on one’s person.
Brunt
Te main impact, force, or burden, as of a blow.
Tough
Strong and resilient.
Hard to cut or chew.
Battle
A large scale combat between two armed foreces.
A intense competition or hard stuggle.

Downturn
A tendency downward, especially in business or economic activity.

Amid
In the middle of ;among.
Scar
To mark or become marked with a scar
Recession
The act of withdrawing.
The filing out of clergy and choir members after a church service.Fend
To ward off ; repel, fend for oneself.
To get along without help.

Monetary
Of or pertaining to money.
Of or pertaining to a nation’s currency or coinage.
Redundant
Exceeding what is necessary or natural;superfluous.
Needlessly repetitive;verbose.
Extent
The area or distance over which something extends; size.
The range or degree to which something extends;scope.
Recruitment
A newly engaged member of a military force or organization.
Elite
The superior members of a social group.A small but powerful group.
A type of size for typewriters, providing 12 characters to inch.
Retail
n. The sale of commodities to the general public.
Verb. To sell at retail
Slump
To decline or sink suddenly.
To droop; slouch.Barometer
An indicatior of change.
Scramble
To move or climb hurriedly .
To compete frantically.
To mix haphazardly.To fly (eggs) while mixing and stirring together
(Electronics) To distort( a signal ) so as to render it unintelligible without a special receiver.
Inundatedesperate
To cover or overwhelm with or as if with a flood.
Tatter
A torn and hanging piece, as of cloth;shred.
Charity
Help or alms given to the poor.
An organization or found that helps the poor.
An act or feeling of benevolence
Subsidize
To aid or supply with a subsidy
Urged
To push or drive forward forcefully
Stack
To prearrange the order of (playing cards) so as to cheat.


Abandon
To desert; forsake.
To give up completely.
Provost
A chief administrative officer, as in some colleges.
Sham
Something false or empty purporting to be genuine.
One who assumes a false character.
Arbitrary
Determined by whim or caprice.
Ride out
To survive ; ride out a storm.
Apprenticeships
One who is learning a trade under a skilled craftsman

Summarisation
In the recent ,there are many researches said the young people who graduated are facing unemployment. The trend of people can get career is decreased .This is the result from many reason , forexample, some occupation suite for higher expert and the company have not enogh money to support new workers.It have to resolve by government. They have plan to take young people in internship. It help they get better qualities for find jobs. However,some experts said young people should look for lower job.